Jaan Puhvel: A Remembrance by H. Craig Melchert
In Memoriam
Jaan Puhvel
(*24 January 1932 – †25 April 2026)
Jaan Puhvel, Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Los Angeles, internationally renowned for his contributions to Hittitology and Indo-European linguistics, mythology and society, died peacefully April 25, 2026, following a months-long decline in his physical health. He was born January 24, 1932, in Tallinn, Estonia, son of Karl and Meta Elisabeth Puhvel. His father, having improbably survived the perils of the Russian civil wars following World War I in a fashion that surpasses fiction, achieved a successful career in forestry and land surveying in the newly founded Republic of Estonia. Having acquired a country farm, he and the family also outlasted the initial takeover by communist Russia in 1940 and the Nazi occupation after the German invasion of 1941, but his role during the Estonian Republic made him a prime target of the impending Soviet annexation of the Baltic States in 1944. The Puhvel family narrowly escaped the latter by fleeing to Finland in April, in a night crossing that the twelve-year-old Jaan remembered vividly decades later. The Puhvels emigrated to Sweden the following autumn, where Jaan graduated from high school in 1949. He had already formed an interest in Indo-European linguistics, though his winning a national prize in mathematics shows that he too belongs to the significant number of historical linguists with aptitude in the hard sciences.
Subsequent to his family’s emigration to Canada, where they settled near Montreal, Jaan Puhvel studied Latin, French and Ancient Greek at McGill University, graduating with an MA in comparative linguistics in 1952. He pursued doctoral studies at Harvard University, where he was elected to the Society of Fellows in 1953 at age 21. This provided him among its many benefits the opportunity to study abroad at the Sorbonne in Paris with Émile Benveniste, Georges Dumézil, Pierre Chantraine, Michel Lejeune, and Alfred Ernout and at Uppsala University, where his teachers included Stig Wikander. He received his PhD from Harvard in 1959 with a dissertation on the laryngeal theory, published as entry 30 in his bibliography. He married Estonian microbiologist Madli Puhvel on June 4, 1960. Together they raised three sons and enjoyed many years of affection and stimulation from a thriving clan of descendants.
Having joined the UCLA faculty in 1958, Puhvel subsequently played a leading role in the nurturing or creation of no less than four academic programs: the Center for the Study of Comparative Folklore and Mythology at UCLA in 1961, the Center for Research in Languages and Linguistics (1962-66), forerunner of the Department of Linguistics (see https://linguistics.ucla.edu/history/), the Department of Classics, of which he served as chair (1968-75), and above all the Program in Indo-European Studies, which began as a Section of the Department of Classics but evolved in the 1960s into a robustly interdisciplinary enterprise, achieving the status of an interdepartmental program in 1972. As Professor Puhvel recounted with typical frankness in a retrospective several decades later (entry 298: 4-5, reprinted in 330: 64-65), this was accomplished with the help of many, but also in spite of the usual formidable administrative obstacles faced by anyone aiming to implement serious interdisciplinary scholarship. While the failure to replace Professor Marija Gimbutas upon her death in 1994 inevitably resulted in the demise of study of PIE archaeology, the unique culture of PIES in encompassing not only Indo-European linguistics, but also mythology, poetics, religion and society has remained, as a comparison of the dissertation topics of the first two decades of alumni (https://pies.ucla.edu/alumni/) and the research interests of current graduate students (https://pies.ucla.edu/grad/) amply attests. I may attest that Jaan remained passionately interested in the welfare and future of PIES to his last days. Our last exchanges by letter and email mostly consisted of my keeping him au courant regarding the health and prospects of his legacy.
Jaan Puhvel was a member of many scholarly organizations, including the Linguistic Society of America, the American Oriental Society, the American Philological Association and the Indogermanische Gesellschaft. He was a Fellow of the American Council of Learned Societies (1961-62) and a Guggenheim Fellow (1968-69). He served as visiting professor at the University of Tartu from 1993 to 1999. A two-volume Festschrift in his honor Studies in Honor of Jaan Puhvel appeared in 1994, appropriately addressing all aspects of his broad scholarly interests. He received honorary degrees from the University of Tartu (1991) and Tallinn University (2008) and the Estonian Order of the White Star, Third Class (2001).
A hallmark of Jaan Puhvel’s scholarly career was his resolute—occasionally defiant—pursuit of his own vision of how historical and comparative linguistics should be practiced and of the implications for the reconstruction of Proto-Indo-European. He remained sovereignly unfazed if this sometimes led to his being a minority of one. It is important to emphasize that this stance was not the result of arbitrariness or a capricious desire to be contrarian merely for the sake of being so. It was based on careful and thorough reflection, and therefore his methodology remained consistent in its essentials. It was not, however, set in stone, and underwent non-trivial recalibration—in all areas of his scholarship, as illustrated below.
Professor Puhvel’s strong focus on the Hittite Etymological Dictionary in the thirty-plus years following his retirement in 1992 has tended to overshadow his contributions regarding Indo-European dialects, the status of laryngeals in PIE phonology, and various aspects of Indo-European mythology, religion and society. Before turning to the HED, I therefore wish to give full due to his efforts and accomplishments in the other areas of inquiry cited.
The longstanding topic of the interrelationship of Indo-European dialects and how best to model it received new impetus in the post-World War II era, and no one whose expertise included Hittite could possibly ignore it. See 210, reprinted in 269: 92-107 and 228. One must agree with his insistence in the former that judging the dialectal position of Hittite (respectively Anatolian) must be based on an in-depth, unprejudiced, and ongoing exploration of its philology. One may also endorse his methodological tenets (210: 55-56, resp. 269: 96-97) regarding features shared by Hittite with fringe dialects of Indo-European or with fringe and central dialects, and the possible confounding role of areal features in matches between Hittite and other IE dialects with connections to the Ancient Near East. Unsurprisingly, he arrives at a relatively conservative view of the dialectal position of Anatolian. His updated treatment of the problem in 228 reiterates his conservative stance, while ably refuting the notion that the Anatolian Indo-European languages are native to Anatolia since nearly 7000 BCE. He also adduces impressive (and mostly still valid) sets of cognates shared by Hittite with various other IE dialects, a topic treated more provocatively in 225, also published in 1994. To preclude any misunderstanding, I note that Puhvel’s 74 dealt with the inner-dialectal aspects of the Anatolian subgroup, not the position of Anatolian vis-à-vis other IE subgroups.
His early and abiding keen interest in the issue of laryngeals is likewise no accident. Hittite with its partial preservation of at least some of the PIE laryngeals as consonants and Greek with not only its preservation of the PIE five-vowel system but also its arguable extension to vocalic reflexes of the laryngeals each offers unique evidence and non-trivial problems. Hence his published dissertation (30) exploring the topic in extenso as well as his role as a very active participant in conferences on the subject: see 31 and 32.
The facts of Greek and Hittite cited above led him to take an intermediate position regarding the PIE laryngeals. He eschewed the approach of those who proliferated them beyond all reasonable limits to “solve” virtually every outstanding problem of PIE phonology, but felt the need for a modest expansion of the the three-laryngeal model based on Saussure. He posited both voiceless and voiced versions of the standard triad *h1 (*E), *h2 (*A) and *h3 (*Aw) with the usual “coloring” effects (or not) on PIE *e. One of each pair appears as Hittite ḫ(ḫ), the other does not. The gist is presented in 178: x, but for the full argumentation see 32: 164-165. The latter includes the data motivating the superficial inconsistency that voiceless *E1 is lost, but voiced *E2 is preserved as ḫ, while the voiceless *A1 is preserved as ḫḫ, and the voiced *A2 is lost.
Puhvel’s account of Hittite ḫ next to ē via a voiced first laryngeal has been largely superseded by the broad, though not universal, acceptance of “Eichner’s Law”—by which PIE long */ē/ is not altered to *[a:] and *[o:] respectively by *h2 and *h3 (see Eichner 1973: 68–73). However, there is still no consensus on how best to explain by the standard three-laryngeal model some instances where either Greek or Hittite fails to show an expected reflex of a laryngeal—cases that Puhvel accounts for with his “extra” versions of the laryngeals. These include Hittite ḫulana- vs. Greek λῆνος ‘wool’, ḫurnai- vs. ῥαίνω ‘sprinkle’ and Hittite arai- ‘arise’. I should also note explicitly that he did share the majority view that PIE had a phoneme */a/ that has nothing to do with the effects of *h2 (see the entries for ara- and au(s)-, u(wa)- in 178: 120-121 and 243-244 respectively). By the time of the Hittite Etymological Dictionary Puhvel has wisely abandoned the ill-advised notion of an additional palatalized pair of laryngeals (contra 30: 53-56 and 32: 168-171) and follows the consensus that ḫi-verbs with a stem in -ai-/-e-/-i- show a suffix or extension in yod.
As amply illustrated in his monograph Comparative Mythology (191), his interest in mythology and religion was original and profound, and he was a major participant in the gradual revival of their study after the hiatus caused by the widespread abuses by the Nazis and others in the pre-World War II era. See also 94, the proceedings of a conference hosted at UCLA. For Jaan Puhvel, comparative mythology was an integral part of Indo-European studies, which he regarded as a holistic enterprise, set forth with characteristic candor in the opening pages of Comparative Mythology (191: 4): “A third approach [to the study of myth] involves monogenesis, that is, tracing the mythical matter of disparate societies back to a common ancestry, one that includes language, society, and culture alike.” He later elaborates (191: 13): “It [the discovery of the Indo-European linguistic family] was a revelation, but one fraught with dubious consequences for mythology for the rest of the nineteenth century. Protolanguage implies protocommunity, protocommunity entails protoculture, and protoculture points to protomyth: thus historical reconstruction had suddenly become the task of a new comparative mythology, to match the triumphs of comparative philology.” Having recounted the checkered history of the new discipline in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, he declares that reconstruction of a common mythology must be primarily historical and philological, just like linguistic reconstruction, informed by, but not determined by any particular “explanatory” model of myth (191: 20). One may also read with profit his later retrospective article on the legacy of Georges Dumézil (230, reprint in 269: 220-228).
He does not hesitate to acknowledge the particular challenges that face comparative mythology. Among these is the unhappy fact that some of the oldest Indo-European-speaking societies were without question culturally influenced by contact with the Ancient Near East, seriously problematizing using their mythological material for the reconstruction of PIE (191: 22-23): “since both Greek and Hittite traditions have undergone heavy substratal exposure and adstratal influence rather than being conservative repositories of Indo-European heritage…One must be very careful about postulating any genetic Indo-European reconstruct based on, for example, Iranian, Hittite, and Greek material, since their mutual contiguities strengthen the probabilities of later contact, secondary interaction, and joint exposure to extraneous influences.” I have cited Puhvel’s views on the proper practice of comparative Indo-European mythology at length because they anticipate what has become the dominant approach in the last three decades. His interests also encompassed aspects of PIE society beyond myth and religion, including law and economy. I merely list here a sampling from his bibliography: 27, 63, 90, 91, 104, 136, 187, 188, 259, 290, and 304. One may find further instances in entries of the HED.
Following his early retirement in 1992, Jaan Puhvel focused his energies for the next three decades on his magnum opus, the Hittite Etymological Dictionary. He was uniquely qualified for such an enterprise, with an unsurpassed control of Hittite philology, an equally profound knowledge of Ancient Greek, and a more than adequate acquaintance with the rest of the ancient Indo-European subgroups. He was able to complete ten volumes, covering A through S, more than 1400 pages, not counting multiple very useful lists of corrections and indices. This is a remarkable achievement, seeing that he worked alone, without any research assistant.1 He could make some use of the philological findings of the A volume of HW2, but he had to do all primary philological investigation himself for E, I, H and K. Beginning with L, he was able to proceed more rapidly, taking advantage of the published volumes of the CHD, but naturally he did so in a duly critical fashion and still presented for each lemma a summary of his own textual analyses as the basis for the etymology.
He approached the task of etymologizing in a manner analogous to that he prescribed for studying comparative mythology and religion cited above. He refused to be bound by “the Procrustean bed” of strict “sound laws” or by a single overarching model of PIE morphology, but he paid full attention to the principles of sound change, and his etymologies were not mere root etymologies but reflected a coherent vision of PIE derivation and inflection. Restraint and common sense prevented freedom from becoming license—a few rare exceptions merely reflecting the fallability that we all share. His modus operandi (as self-described to me) was to approach each Hittite word (or word family) as far as possible with no preconceived notion of its meaning and usage. Obviously, for entries such as ēš- ‘to be’ or pēda- ‘place’ this was hardly possible in the strict sense. However, his insistence on grounding an etymology in the larger cultural context of a word’s use means that readers will find valuable insights even in the entries for words whose basic etymology is not in doubt.
Unlike far too many scholars, Professor Puhvel did not allow principled consistency to turn into petrification. Further progress in our understanding of the “minor” Anatolian Indo-European languages led him to seriously modify his early skepticism about their capacity to illuminate Hittite (208: v), and he himself suggested convincing derivations of Luwo-Hittite pašku(wai)- ‘forsake, abandon’ and CLuwian kulana- ‘turning point, outcome’ and its derived verb kulani- ‘bring to an end’, among others.
While we will never see the full results of his investigations into the words in initial T, U, W and Z, we are fortunate that his meticulous philological reassessment of the context of all instances of words in A-S inevitably led him to new findings for several words later in the alphabet. Some of these he published, such as his keen observation that the reference to a door-socket (GIŠwawarkimaš) as well-greased (tametarwanza) forces the conclusion that tamē̆ta(r) ‘abundance’ reflects the equivalent of ‘fat (of the land)’—not immobile wealth. The correct comparandum is Greek δημός ‘fat’, whose rarity and early obsolescence leave open the question of further cognates (see 177: 226-227).
I would be remiss if I did not also pay tribute to Jaan Puhvel’s unique English prose style, which creatively combined colloquialisms and learned vocabulary and employed the full arsenal of literary and rhetorical devices—alliteration, assonance, chiasmus, figurae etymologicae, and many more. These features made for engaging and pleasurable reading, even in those cases where one was not fully persuaded by the argumentation or was the target of the remarks, named or unnamed.
A few of us were also fortunate enough to experience on multiple occasions his equally memorable conversational style, delivered in his remarkable basso profundo. By the time I joined the Program in Indo-European Studies in 2007, Jaan was only willing to drive roundtrip between Encino and the UCLA campus on rare occasions. He instead instituted an “Anatolian Club” comprising himself, Vyacheslav V. Ivanov, Brent Vine, Calvert Watkins and me, along with any graduate students who were pursuing Anatolian topics. We were invited to the Puhvels’ home in Encino several afternoons during the academic year. Someone would give a brief talk about a current project—Jaan always being prepared to present a lemma draft for the HED if no one else had something ready. We were then offered wine and cheese, and Madli generously served a full dinner. Dinner conversation in that company led by Jaan on myriad topics was for several of us even more of a treat than the informal paper presentation.2
H. Craig Melchert
September 2026
References
CHD = Güterbock, Hans G.†, Harry A. Hoffner Jr.†, and Theo P. J. van den Hout (eds.) 1980–. The Hittite Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.
Disterheft, Dorothy, Martin Huld, and John Greppin (eds.). 1997. Studies in Honor of Jaan Puhvel. Part One: Ancient Languages and Philology (JIES Monograph Series 20). Washington DC: Institute for the Study of Man.
Eichner, Heiner. 1973. Die Etymologie von heth. mehur. Muenchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft 31: 53–107.
Greppin, John, and Edgar C. Polomé (eds.). 1997. Studies in Honor of Jaan Puhvel. Part Two: Mythology and Religion (JIES Monograph Series 21). Washington DC: Institute for the Study of Man.
HW2 = Friedrich, Johannes†, Annelies Kammenhuber†, et al. 1974–2017. Hethitisches Wörterbuch. Zweite, völlig neubearbeitete Auflage auf der Grundlage der edierten hethitischen Texte. Heidelberg: Winter.
List of Jaan Puhvel’s Publications (1953–2024)
1. Indo-European negative composition. Language 29.14–25 (1953).
2. Laryngeals and the Indo-European desiderative. Language 29.454–456 (1953).
3. Semitic affinities of Hittite ḫar-aš-zi. Journal of the American Oriental Society 74.86–88 (1954).
4. Apropos Greek διθύραμβος. Glotta 34.37–42 (1954).
5. Greek etymologies. Language 30.454–457 (1954).
6. Bibliographie critique de la statistique linguistique, par Pierre Guiraud, revisée et completée par Thomas D. Houchin, Jaan Puhvel et Calvert W. Watkins (Utrecht–Anvers, 1954).
7. Veda-luule mõjupotentsiaal E. Enno juures. Tulimuld 5.241–243 (1954).
8. Vare ja müüt: päevikulehti Mükeenast. Tulimuld 5.330–332 (1954).
9. Vedic áśvamedha- and Gaulish IIPOMIIDUOS. Language 31.353–354 (1955).
10. Greek ANAΞ 1. An essay in Indo-European etymology. 2. A study of Mycenaean Greek vocabulary. Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 73.202–222 (1956).
11. Une tablette de Pylos (Eq 01). Eranos 54.14–20 (1956).
12. Valéry ja “Cimetière marin”. Tulimuld 7.204–208 (1956).
13. ‘Servant’ in Hieroglyphic Hittite. Journal of the American Oriental Society 77.137–139 (1957).
14. The sea in Hittite texts. Studies presented to Joshua Whatmough 225–237 (The Hague, 1957).
15. On an alleged eucharistic expression in Hittite rituals. Mitteilungen des Instituts für Orientforschung 5.31–33 (1957).
16. Review of Bernhard Rosenkranz, Beiträge zur Erforschung des Luwischen. Language 33.208–211 (1957).
17. Review of Dimitŭr Detschew, Die thrakischen Sprachreste. Language 33.439–446 (1957).
18. Ancient scripts. The New York Times Magazine, July 21, 1957.
19. Kõne vennastuspeol. Korp. Fraternitas Estica 1907–1957 (Stockholm, 1957).
20. Helladic kingship and the gods, Minoica: Festschrift Johannes Sundwall 327–333 (Berlin, 1958).
21. Greek ἔχθap and Latin instar. Glotta 37.288–292 (1958).
22. Mycenean o-ro-jo, Minos 6.61–63 (1958).
23. Review of Michel Lejeune (ed.), Études myceniennes. Language 34.417–420 (1958).
24. Review of Gösta Liebert, Die indoeuropäischen Personalpronomina und die Laryngal-theorie. Language 35.645–655 (1959).
25. Review of Emmett L. Bennett Jr., The Mycenae Tablets II. Language 35.655–657 (1959).
26. Review of Ernst Pulgram, The Tongues of Italy. Italian Quarterly 3/9.69–72 (1959).
27. Three contributions to Ilmar Tammelo, Justice and doubt. An essay on the fundamentals of justice. Österreichische Zeitschrift für öffentliches Recht 9.308–417 (1959): p. 324 on Greek δίκη and Latin iūs; p. 342 on the ontological status of non-being in Rig-Vedic cosmogonic thought; p. 361 on the etymology of the term ‘precation’.
28. Valery ja “Fragment du Narcisse”. Tulimuld 10.39–41 ( 1959).
29. Opheliae placandis Manibus, Tulimuld 10.213 (1959).
30. Laryngeals and the Indo-European Verb (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1960).
31. The present state of laryngeal studies. Evidence for Laryngeals 1–12 (Austin, 1960).
32. Hittite evidence for Indo-European laryngeals, Evidence for Laryngeals 163–171 (Austin, 1960).
33. Review of Lauri Honko, Krankheitsprojektile. Western Folklore 19.144–146 (1960).
34. Võrdlev mütoloogia tänapäeval. Tulimuld 11.113–120 (1960).
35.–41. Entries Anatolian languages, Cuneiform, Hurrians, Inscriptions (revised), Minoan linear scripts, O. A. Danielsson, Sakjegozu. Encyclopaedia Britannica.
42. Viirgavad võrdkujud värssides Wiiraltist, Tulimuld 12.312–314 (1961).
43. Review of Michel Lejeune, Mémoires de philologie mycénienne. American Journal of Philology 82.311–315 (1961).
44. Review of Jaan Gonda, Four Studies in the Language of the Veda. Journal of the American Oriental Society 81.321–325 (1961 ).
45. Review of Suzanne Siauve, Les noms védiques de Viṣṇu. Journal of the American Oriental Society 81.435–436 (1961).
46. Review of James W. Poultney, The Bronze Tablets of Iguvium. The Phoenix 15.53–54 (1962).
47. Review of James W. Poultney, The Bronze Tablets of Iguvium. Romance Philology 15.442–445 (1962).
48. Entry Kültepe, Encyclopaedia Britannica.
49. Review of Günter Neumann, Untersuchungen zum Weiterleben hethitischen und luwischen Sprachgutes, and Philo H. J. Houwink ten Cate, The Luwian Population Groups of Lycia and Cilicia Aspera. Journal of the American Oriental Society 82.77–80 (1962).
50. Review of Manu Leumann, Kleine Schriften. Classical Philology 57.265–270 (1962).
51. Review of Festschrift Johannes Friedrich. Language 38.298–303 (1962).
52. Review of Alfred Heubeck, Lydiaka. Language 38.303–307 (1962).
53. Review of Joseph Fontenrose, Python. Western Folklore 21.284–288 (1962).
54. Review of Jerzy Kuryłowicz, L’accentuation des langues indo-européennes, second edition. Language 38.405–416 (1962).
55. Review of Hansjakob Seiler, Relativsatz, Attribut und Apposition. International Journal of American Linguistics 29.81–82 (1963).
56. Luulemere eksilaevur, Tulimuld 14.34–38 (1963).
57.–58. Entries for Alaca Hüyük and Alishar Hüyük. Encyclopaedia Britannica.
59. The Sanskrit collection at UCLA. UCLA Librarian 16.115–116 (1963).
60. Review of Oswald Szemerényi, Trends and Tasks in Comparative Philology. Romance Philology 17.461–463 (1963).
61. Eleuthḗr and Oinoâtis: Dionysiac data from Mycenaean Greece. Mycenaean Studies: Proceedings of the Third International Colloquium for Mycenaean Studies 161–170 (Madison, 1964).
62. The Indo-European and Mycenaean perfect active participles. Mycenaean Studies: Proceedings of the Third International Colloquium for Mycenaean Studies 171–177 (Madison, 1964).
63. The Indo-European and Indo-Aryan plough. A linguistic study of technological diffusion, Technology and Culture 5.176–190 (1964).
64. Entry Hittites. Encyclopaedia Britannica.
65. A Mycenaean-Vedic titular coincidence, Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 79.1–7 (1964).
66. The meaning of Greek Βουκάτιος. Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 79.7–10 (1964).
67. Review of Aleksis Rannit, Kuiv hiilgus. Books Abroad 39.116 (1965).
68. Entries Euterpe, Evadne, Evander. Encyclopedia Americana.
69. Review of Anna Morpurgo, Mycenaeae graecitatis lexicon. Classical World. May 1965.279.
70. Evidence in Anatolian. Evidence for Laryngeals 75–88 (The Hague, 1965).
71. Filles du Soleil. Folklore estonien et mythologie indoeuropéenne. Estonian Poetry and Language. Studies in Honor of Ants Oras 167–177 (Stockholm, 1965).
72. Arthur Rimbaud, Purjus laev. Tulimuld 16.182–184 (1965).
73. Ancient Indo-European Dialects. Proceedings of the Conference on Indo-European Linguistics Held at the University of California, Los Angeles, April 25–27, 1963. Edited by Henrik Birnbaum and Jaan Puhvel (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1966).
74. Dialectal aspects of the Anatolian branch of Indo-European, Ancient Indo-European Dialects 235–247.
75.–76. Entries Karatepe, Maraş. Encyclopaedia Britannica.
77. Ajaloo keetmise nõiakatel. Mana 31/4.49–51 (1966). Surrejoinder, ibid. 32.127–128 (1967).
78.–79. Entries Yazılıkaya, Zincirli Hüyük. Encyclopaedia Britannica.
80. Fifty years of Estonian poetry. UCLA Librarian 21.25–26 (1968).
81. Indo-European prehistory and myth, Yearbook of the Estonian Learned Society in America 4.51–62 (1968).
82. Review of Hermann Ammann, Nachgelassene Schriften. Romance Philology 21.48–49 (1968).
83. Review of Umar Hajjam, Nelikvärsid. Mana 34/2.36–37 (1968).
84. Review of Nigol Andresen, Friedebert Tuglas. Books Abroad 43.289 (1969).
85. Substance and Structure of Language. Lectures Delivered Before the Linguistic Institute of the Linguistic Society of America, University of California, Los Angeles, June 17–August 12, 1966. Edited by Jaan Puhvel (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1969).
86. Letter to Editor, Time, May 30, 1969, p. 9.
87. From golden hoop to shifting rainbow. The seven creative decades of Friedebert Tuglas. Books Abroad 43.365–367 (1969).
88. Review of Jaan Kross, Vahelugemised. Books Abroad 43.448–449 (1969).
89. The “Death of Cambyses” and Hittite parallels, Studio Classica et Orientalia Antonino Pagliaro oblata 3.169–176 (Roma, 1969).
90. Hittite annaš šiwaz. Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 83.59–63 (1969).
91. “Meadow of the Otherworld” in Indo-European tradition. Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 83.64–69 (1969).
92. An “Indo-European construction” in Arcadian. Classical Philology 65.50–51 (1970).
93. Études indo-européennes. Nouvelle École 12.83–84 (1970).
94. Myth and Law among the Indo-Europeans. Studies in Indo-European Comparative Mythology. Edited by Jaan Puhvel (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1970).
95. Aspects of equine functionality. Myth and Law among the Indo-Europeans 159–172. Also philological note, 95–96.
96. Review of Giorgio de Santillana and Hertha von Dechend, Hamlet’s Mill. American Historical Review 75. 2009–2010 (1970).
97. Mis on müüt? Tulimuld 21.137–143 (1970).
98. Mythological reflections of Indo-European medicine. Indo-European and Indo-Europeans. Papers Presented at the Third Indo-European Conference, University of Pennsylvania 369–382 (Philadelphia, 1970).
99. On the fate of Monumenta Estoniae Antiquae. Bulletin of Baltic Studies 4.12–13 (1970). Also summarized in Second Conference on Baltic Studies. Summary of Proceedings 123–126 (Norman, 1971).
100. Review of Vetāla kakskümmend viis juttu (Vetālapañcaviṅśatikā). Mana 37/1.83–85 (1970).
101. Mõtteid võitlevast vabariigist. Mana 38/2.29–33 (1970).
102. “Perfect tense” and “middle voice”. An Indo-European morphological mirage. Proceedings of the Tenth International Congress of Linguists 4.633–638 (Bucarest, 1971). Abstract in Xth International Congress of Linguists, Abstracts of Papers 292–293 (Bucarest, 1967).
103. Review of Johannes Semper, Mõtterännakuid I. Books Abroad 45.162 (1971).
104. Hittite ḫurkiš and ḫurkel. Die Sprache 17.42–45 (1971).
105. Review of Aleksis Rubulis, Baltic Literature. Books Abroad 45.354–355 (1971).
106. Review of Kurt Bittel, Hattusha. The Capital of the Hittites. American Historical Review 76.1135–1136 (1971).
107. Past and present in Baltic studies. Bulletin of Baltic Studies 7.2 (1971).
108. Review of Endel Nirk, Estonian Literature. Books Abroad 46.142–144 (1972).
109. “Bartholomae’s Law” in Hittite, Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 86.111–115 (1972).
110. Nature and means of comparison in Proto-Indo-European grammar, Journal of Indo-European Studies 1.145–154 (1973).
111. Four arbiters of literature in 20th-century Estonia: Tuglas, Semper, Oras and Aspel. Books Abroad 47.636–642 (1973).
112. Aquam exstinguere. Journal of Indo-European Studies 1.379–386 (1973).
113. Baltic Literature and Linguistics. Edited by Arvids Ziedonis, Jr., Jaan Puhvel, Rimvydas Silbajoris, Mardi Valgemae (Publications of the Association for the Advancement of Baltic Studies, 4; Columbus, Ohio, 1973).
114. The Baltic pantheon. Baltic Literature and Linguistics 99–108.
115. The provenance of Greek ἰάλλω. California Studies in Classical Antiquity 6.221–230 (1973).
116. Transposition of myth to saga in Indo-European epic narrative. Antiquitates Indogermanicae: Gedenkschrift for Hermann Güntert (Innsbrücker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft 12 [1974]), 175–184.
117. Myth in lndo-European Antiquity. Edited by Gerald J. Larson, C. Scott Littleton and Jaan Puhvel (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1974).
118. Indo-European structure of the Baltic pantheon, Myth in Indo-European Antiquity 75–85.
119. Epigraphy. Encyclopaedia Britannica (15th ed.). Macropaedia 6.915–925 (1974).
120. The mythical element in Estonian poetry. Journal of Baltic Studies 5.87–99 (1974).
121. On labiovelars in Hittite. Journal of the American Oriental Society 94.291–295 (1974).
122. Lexical and etymological observations on Hittite ark-. Journal of the American Oriental Society 95.262–264 (1975).
123. Sight and thought in early Indo-European. History of Religions at UCLA Newsletter 3/2.2–5 (1975).
124. Remus et frater, History of Religions 15.146–157 (1975).
125. Greek attestations of Indo-European *dhyaghw–. Incontri Linguistici 2.129–134 (1975).
126. Senior Editor, California Studies in Classical Antiquity 8 (1975).
127. Hittite alpu- and dampu-. Revue hittite et asianique 33.59–62 (1975).
128. Asklepios unmasked. Pharos 39.20–22 (1976).
129. Review of Eesti kirjanduse biograafiline leksikon. Books Abroad 50.440–441 (1976).
130. The origins of Greek kosmos and Latin mundus. American Journal of Philology 97.154–167 (1976).
131. The mole in folk medicine: a survey from Indic antiquity to modern America. American Folk Medicine: A Symposium 31–35 (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1976).
132. Formula and meter: Response. Oral Literature and the Formula 261–263 (Ann Arbor, 1976).
133. The etymology of Latin mās (contribution to an article by J. P. Hallett). Glotta 54.308 (1976).
134. ‘Finger’ in Greek, Latin, and Hittite. Indogermanische Forschungen 81.25–28 (1976).
135. ΠOΛEMOIO ΓEΦYPAI. Indogermanische Forschungen 81.60–66 (1976).
136. Latin ārea and Indo-European threshing terminology in Hittite. California Studies in Classical Antiquity 9.197–202 (1976). Also in Linguistic and Literary Studies in Honor of Archibald A. Hill 3.175–180 (The Hague, 1978–79).
137. Keeleuuenduse rajaristmed ja teelahkmed, Mana 43/3.9 (1976).
138. ‘Basket’ in Greek and Hittite. American Journal of Philology 98.150–152 (1977).
139. Review of William A. Wilson, Folklore and Nationalism in Modem Finland. World Literature Today 51.473 (1977).
140. Devatā-dvandva in Hittite, Greek and Latin. American Journal of Philology 98.396–405 (1977).
141. Review of Friedrich-Kammenhuber, Hethitisches Wörterbuch, Lieferung I.
Journal of the American Oriental Society 97.596–599 (1977).
142. Mitra as an Indo-European divinity. Études mithriaques 335–343 (Leiden,
1978).
143. Victimal hierarchies in Indo-European animal sacrifice. American Journal of Philology 99.354–362 (1978).
144. Review of Hans Schmeja, Iranisches und Griechisches in den Mithrasmysterien. Journal of Mithraic Studies 2.237–240 (1978).
145. Remarks on ‘two’ in Hittite. Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 92.98–107 (1978).
146. Senior Editor, California Studies in Classical Antiquity 11 (1978).
147. A Greek-Hittite etymological match: aiskhuno- : iškuna- ‘make ugly’. Indogermanische Forschungen 83.138–143 (1978).
148. Class idiom in early Indo-European. Journal of the Department of English, University of Calcutta 14.40–44 (1978–79).
149. Review of Finnish Folk Poetry. Epic. An Anthology in Finnish and English. World Literature Today 53.153–154 (1979).
150. “Ravim” ja “igand”. Aja Kiri 1979/2.26–27.
151. Hittite words with initial pít/pát sign. Hethitisch und Indogermanisch 209–217 (Innsbruck, 1979).
152. Some Hittite etymologies. Florilegium Anatolicum (Mélanges Emmanuel Laroche) 297–304 (Paris, 1979).
153. Review of Johann Tischler, Hethitisches etymologisches Glossar, Lieferung 1. Bibliotheca Orientalis 36.56–58 (1979).
154. Lapse suu. Aja Kiri 1979/6.13–15.
155. Review of Ain Kaalep, Paani surm ja teisi luuletusi. Mana 45.91–92 (1978 [1980]).
156. On the origin and congeners of Hittite aššu- ‘good’. Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprach-forschung 94.65–70 (1980).
157. The Indo-European strain in Greek myth. Panhellenica: Studies in Ancient History and Historiography in honor of Truesdell S. Brown 25–30 (Lawrence, Kansas, 1980).
158. Review of Friedrich-Kammenhuber, Hethitisches Wörterbuch, Lieferung 2. Journal of the American Oriental Society 100.167–168 (1980).
159. Review of Friedrich-Kammenhuber, Hethitisches Wörterbuch, Lieferung 3. Journal of the American Oriental Society 100.168–169 (1980).
160. Review of Johann Tischler, Hethitisches etymologisches Glossar, Lieferung 2. Bibliotheca Orientalis 37.202–205 ( 1980).
161. Senior Editor, California Studies in Classical Antiquity 12 (1979 [1981]).
162. The meaning and source of Hinite šuwaru. Journal of the American Oriental Society 101.213–214 (1981).
163. La transposition du mythe à la saga dans la narration épique indo-europeenne. Pour un temps / Georges Dumézil 173–186 (Aix-en-Provence, 1981). French version of nr. 116.
164. Analecta Indo-Europaea. Delectus operum minorum … annos 1952–1977 complectens (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft 35 [1981]). Pp. x, 418.
165. Review of Chicago Hittite Dictionary, Vol. 3, Fasc. I, Kratylos 25. 132–138 (1980 [1981]).
166. “Spider” and “mole” in Hittite. Bono Homini Donum: Essays in Historical Linguistics in Memory of J. Alexander Kerns 237–242 (Amsterdam, 1981).
167. Review of Johann Tischler, Hethitisches etymologisches Glossar, Lieferung 3. Bibliotheca Orientalis 38.349–354 (1981).
168. On the polyphonic pè value of the Hittite pít sign. Serta Indogermanica: Festschrift for Günter Neumann 317–319 (Innsbruck, 1982).
169. Review of Friedrich-Kammenhuber, Hethitisches Wörterbuch, Lieferung 4. Journal of the American Oriental Society 102.177–179 (1982).
170. Baltic-Anatolian lexical isoglosses. Investigationes philologicae et comparativae. Gedenk-schrift für Heinz Kronasser 179–185 (Wiesbaden, 1982).
171. The warrior at stake. Homage to Georges Dumézil 25–33 (Journal of Indo-European Studies Monograph No. 3 [1982]).
172. Scales in Hittite. Folklorica: Festschrift for Felix J. Oinas 193–196 (Bloomington, Indiana, 1982).
173. Georges Dumézil, The Stakes of the Warrior. Edited, with an Introduction, by Jaan Puhvel (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1983).
174. Mälestades Ants Orast. Looming 5.719 (1983).
175. Review of Friedrich-Kammenhuber, Hethitisches Wörterbuch, Lieferung 5. Journal of the American Oriental Society 103.478–480 (1983).
176. Review of Friedrich-Kammenhuber, Hethitisches Wörterbuch, Lieferung 6/7. Journal of the American Oriental Society 103.670–672 (1983).
177. Homeric questions and Hittite answers. American Journal of Philology 104.217–227 (1983).
178. Hittite Etymological Dictionary. Vol. I and Vol. 2 (Berlin, 1984). Pp. xxii, 504.
179. Seadmuse sätted. Mana 51.73–74 (1982 [1984]).
180. The origin of Etruscan tusna (“swan”). American Journal of Philology 105.209–212 (1984).
181. The meaning of Hittite auli-. Orientalia Jacques Duchesne-Guillemin emerito oblata 433-437 (Leiden, 1984).
182. Etruscan inscriptions at the J. Paul Getty Museum. The J. Paul Getty Museum Journal 12.163–166 (1984).
183. L’accueil et l’influence de Baudelaire parmi les lettrés estoniens. Journal of Baltic Studies 15.249–257 (1984).
184. Habent sua fata libelli. EELK LA Kogudus XXXV 41–42 (Los Angeles, 1985).
185. Sober thoughts on Latin ēbrius. Studia linguistica diachronica et synchronica Werner Winter sexagenario anno 693–696 (Berlin, 1985).
186. Georges Dumézil, The Plight of a Sorcerer. Edited by Jaan Puhvel and David Weeks (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1986).
187. Who were the Hittite hurkilas pesnes? Festschrift für Ernst Risch zum 75. Geburtstag 151–155 (Berlin and New York, 1986).
188. Huidar and vitnir: Creatures and critters in Anatolia and Iceland. Die Sprache 32.54–57 (1986).
189. The impact of the Kalevala on the Estonian epic. The World of the Kalevala: Essays in Celebration of the 150 Year Jubilee of the Publication of the Finnish National Epic 56–65 (Los Angeles, 1987).
190. All our ‘yesterdays’. Festschrift for Henry Hoenigswald 315–318 (Tübingen, 1987).
191. Comparative Mythology (Baltimore and London, 1987). Pp. x, 302.
192. Iranilainen Kuninkaiden kirja: vertaileva näkökulma. Kalevala ja maailman eepokset 327–336 (Kalevalaseuran Vuosikirja 65, Helsinki 1987).
193. ‘Engendrer’ et ‘enfanter’ en hittite. Cahiers Ferdinand de Saussure 41.159–163 (1987).
194. Hidden infixation in the Hittite verb Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 100.238–242 (1987).
195. Hittite athletics as prefigurations of Ancient Greek games. The Archaeology of the Olympics 26–31 (Madison, 1988).
196. On the source of Hittite halzai-. Languages and Cultures: Studies in Honor of Edgar C. Polomé 525–527 (Berlin and New York, 1988).
197. ‘Shoulder’ and ‘corner’ in Hittite. A Linguistic Happening in Memory of Ben Schwartz 255–258 (Louvain-la-Neuve, 1988).
198. An Anatolian turn of phrase in the Iliad. American Journal of Philology 109.591–593 (1988).
199. Review of Endel Nirk, Estonian Literature, Second Edition. Los Angeles Times Book Review, February 19, 1989, p. 2.
200. Hittite etyma for Greek obscuriora. Hanǰamana: Centennial Tribute to the Memory of Irach J.S. Taraporewala 30–32 (Calcutta, 1989).
201. Hittite regal titles: Hattic or Indo-European. Journal of Indo-European Studies 17.351–361 (1989).
202. The Iranian Book of Kings: A comparatistic view. Religion, Myth, and Folklore in the World’s Epics 441–454 (Berlin and New York, 1990).
203. Velnias. Encyclopedia Britannica. Micropaedia 12.298.
204. Review of Manfred Hutter, Behexung, Entsühnung und Heilung. Temenos 26.177–178 (1990).
205. On terms for ‘nit’in Baltic and Balto-Finnic. Symposium Balticum: A Festschrift to honour Professor Velta Rūķe-Draviņa 365–368 (Hamburg, 1990).
206. Homer and Hittite (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft. Vorträge und Kleinere Schriften 47 [1991]). Pp. 30.
207. Review of Bernard Kangro, Eesti kirjakuulutaja eksiilis. World Literature Today 65.151 (1991).
208. Hittite Etymological Dictionary. Vol. 3 (Berlin, 1991 ). Pp. x, 462.
209. Review of Maarja Talgre, Leo: Ett estniskt öde. World Literature Today 65.317 (1991).
210. Whence the Hittite, whither the Jonesian vision? Sprung from Some Common Source. Investigations into the Prehistory of Languages 51–66 (Stanford, 1991).
211. Names and numbers of the Pleiad. Semitic Studies: In honor of Wolf Leslau 2.1243–1247 (Wiesbaden, 1991).
212. Verba delendi: Pentagonese in Hittite. Studio etymologica Indoeuropaea memoriae Albert J. Van Windekens dicata 221–223 (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 45 [Leuven, 1991]).
213. Hittite. International Encyclopedia of Linguistics 2.175–177 (Oxford, 1992).
214. Baudelaire’i kajastus ja mõju eesti kirjanduses. Keel ja kirjandus 35.193–197 (1992).
215. Üks koltund (kuid mitte koitand) tõlge. Looming 4.513–516 (1992).
216. Philology and etymology, with focus on Anatolian. Reconstructing Languages and Cultures 261–270 (Berlin, 1992).
217. Shaft-shedding Artemis and mind-voiding Ate. Historische Sprachforschung 105.4–8 (1992).
218. Review of Publius Vergilius Maro, Bucolica, Aeneis. Tõlkinud Ants Oras. Postimees, October 8, 1993, p.8.
219. A Hittite calque in the Iliad. Historische Sprachforschung 106.36–38 (1993).
220. The Tocharian word for ‘elephant’. Historische Sprachforschung 106.39 –41 (1993).
221. On the origin of Gothic ulbandus ‘camel’. Linguistica XXXIII: Bojan Čop septuagenario in honorem oblata 187–189 (Ljubljana, 1993).
222. Eritus ja lunastus. Vikerkaar 1.89–90 (1994).
223. Ash and soap in Hittite. Iranian and Indo-European Studies: Memorial Volume of Otakar Klíma 215–218 (Praha, 1994).
224. Paranormal incidence of Hittite supines. Miscellanea di studi linguistici in onore di Walter Belardi 161–165 (Roma, 1994).
225. West-Indo-European affinities of Anatolian. Früh-, Mittel-, Spätindogermanisch. Akten der IX. Fachtagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft vom 5. his 9. Oktober 1992 in Zürich 315–324 (Wiesbaden, 1994).
226. Proto-Indo-European: A multiangular view VI. A prayer-cure for barrenness. Journal of Indo-European Studies 22.81 (1994).
227. Review of Felix Oinas, Surematu Kalevipoeg. Järelsõna Jaan Undusk. Postimees, August 17, 1994, p. 16.
228. Anatolian: autochthon or interloper? Journal of Indo-European Studies 22.251–263 (1994).
229. Laryngeal-suffixed infix verbs in Hittite. Analecta Cracoviensia II. Kuryłowicz Memorial Volume. Part One, 177–179 (1995).
230. After Dumézil, what? Indo-European Religion After Dumézil 147–155 (JIES Monograph Series 16 [Washington DC,1996]).
231. Linguistic glints in the Baltic eye. The Baltic Eye No. 1, April 1996, 6.
232. Heliaadid Hindustanist Helmerannikuni. Keel ja kirjandus 39.433–437 ( 1996).
233. Sõna saun algupärast. Keel ja kirjandus 39.552 (1996).
234. Teraspitser. Vikerkaar 8–9.203–205 (1996).
235. Dumézili pärand. Akadeemia 11.2381–2389 (1996).
236. Review of Annelies Kammenhuber, Kleine Schriften zum Anatolischen und Indogermanischen. Kratylos 41.205–207 (1996).
237. Three Hittite-Greek etymological pairings. Historische Sprachforschung 109.166–168 (1996).
238. “Signet of steel”. Archivum Anatolicum 2.61–66 (1996).
239. Review of Sergeri Stadnikov, Sinuhe jutustus. Vikerkaar 1–2.174–175 (1997).
240. Hittite Etymological Dictionary. Vol. 4 (Berlin and New York, 1997). Pp. x, 333.
241. Gods versus demons: all in the family. Engel und Dämonen 145–150 (Forschungen zur Anthropologie und Religionsgeschichte 29 [Münster, 1997]).
242. Võrdlev mütoloogia (Eesti mõttelugu 12 [Tartu, 1997]). Pp. 310.
243. Srovnávací mythologie. Z anglického originálu přeložil Václav Pelíšek (Nakladatelství Lidové Noviny [Prague, 1997]). Pp. 398.
244. Hitiidid eesti pseudoteaduses ja üldisemalt. Rein Sepa 75. sünniaastapäevale pühendatud teaduskonverentsi ettekandematerjalid 49–55 (Tartu, 1997).
245. Latin furor: help from Hittite. Mír Curad: Studies in Honor of Calvert Watkins 607–609 (Innsbruck, 1998).
246. Helmerannik, Hesekiel, hetiidid. Keel ja kirjandus 41.242–245 (1998).
247. Meie Laurits. Vikerkaar 4–5.182-184 (l998).
248. Review of Carl Mothander, Parunid, eestlased ja enamlased. Vikerkaar 4–5.176–178 (1998).
249. Classical and Medieval Literature Criticism (Gale Literary Criticism Series Volume 26 [Detroit–London, 1998]). Pp. 13–22, 179–191 reproduce pp. 166–188, 68–93 of Comparative Mythology (nr. 191).
250. Computing in Latin and Hittite. Journal of Indo-European Studies 26.161–162 ( 1998).
251. Vestlus Jaan Puhveliga. Vikerkaar 9.77–81 (1998).
252. Update on labiovelars in Hittite. Sprache und Kultur der Indogermanen: Akten der X. Fachtagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft 211–215 (Innsbruck, 1998).
253. Remarks on the Anatolian sources of Armenian laxur. Annual of Armenian Linguistics 19.33–36 ( 1998).
254. The mausoleum ban of the Bronze Tablet: Hittite parkiya- equals Greek φράσσω. Historische Sprachforschung 112.69–74 (1999).
255. Greek mythic medicine: Indo-Iranian rather than Indo-European. The Diffusion of Greco-Roman Medicine into the Middle East and the Caucasus 1–5 (New York, 1999).
256. On terms for “amber”. Studia Celtica et Indogermanica: Festschrift für Wolfgang Meid 347–350 (Budapest, 1999).
257. Memory, shmemory, lest we forget Mnemosyne. The vocabulary of memory and consciousness in antiquity. Memory, Consciousness, and the Brain 3–6 (Philadelphia and London, 1999).
258. Georges Edmond Dumézil, Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart. 4. Auflage (Tübingen, 1999).
259. Remarks on Indo-European wedding terminology. Orpheus 8.97–98 (Georgiev Memorial Volume, 1998 [2000]).
260. Loomisloo lähistel. Uurimusi müüdist ja maagiast 7–17 (Tallinn, 2001).
261. Mahakäinud müüt kui eepika taimelava. ibid. 18–26.
262. The fate of Hittite dictionaries. Monumentum Marcelle Duchesne-Guillemin 653–661 (Acta Iranica, Leuven 1999 [2001]).
263. Hetiidi seadused. Muinasaja seadusekogumike antoloogia 153–181 (Tallinn, 2001).
264. Hittite Etymological Dictionary. Vol. 5 (Berlin and New York, 2001). Pp. x, 187.
265. Lyginamoji mitologija (Vilnius, 2001). Pp. xii, 304.
266. Georges Dumézil, Indoeurooplaste müüdid ja jumalad. Toimetanud Jaan Puhvel (Tallinn, 2001). Pp. 302.
267. Ulgvel ja umbes. Poole sajandi hajalauitmeid, esseid ja arvustusi (Tartu, 2001). Pp. 264.
268. Ivory and elephant in Hittite. Akten des IV. lnternationalen Kongresses für Hethitologie 561–562 (Studien zu den Boğazköy-Texten 45 [Wiesbaden, 2001]).
269. Epilecta Indoeuropaea. Opuscula selecta annis 1978–2001 excusa imprimis ad res Anatolicas attinentia (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft 104 [2002]). Pp. xii, 309.
270. Latin guttur and Hittite kuttar: an amicable separation. Donum gramrnaticum … in Honour of Hannah Rosén 295–297 (Leuven, 2002).
271. Nomen proprium in Hittite. Anatolia Antica: Studi in memoria di Fiorella Imparati 671–675 (Firenze, 2002).
272. Constraints on historicity in the Book of Kings. The Kalevala and the World’s Traditional Epics 267–270 (Studia Fennica Folkloristica 12 [Helsinki, 2002]).
273. Genus and sexus in Hittite. Sex and Gender in the Ancient Near East 547–550 (Helsinki, 2002).
274. Mõlgutusi ja meenutusi “Eesti mõtteloo” sarja 50. köite ilmumise puhul. Keel ja kirjandus 46.612–613 (2003).
275. God-drinking and beyond. Historische Sprachforschung 116.54–57 (2003).
276. Eventide in Hatti-land. Language in Time and Space: A Festschrift for Werner Winter 347–349 (Berlin, 2003).
277. Finnish Kalevala and Estonian Kalevipoeg. Estonian Literary Magazine 17 (Autumn 2003),10–13. Abbreviated version of nr. 189.
278. Of loons and legumes. Hittite Studies in Honor of Harry A. Hoffner Jr. 325–328 (Winona Lake, 2003).
279. Preface to Linnart Mall, Studies in the Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā and Other Essays, 6–7 (Tartu, 2003). India edition (Delhi, 2005).
280. On terms for ‘nit’ in Baltic and Balto-Finnic. Studia Indogermanica Lodziensia 5.125–128 (2003). Revised version of nr. 205.
281. Vox ex nihilo: Greek ἔγχος. Šarnikzel 531–532 ( Dresdner Beiträge zur Hethitologie 10 [2004]).
282. Taevane võimuvõitlus. Akadeemia 6.1195–1209 (2004).
283. An ineffable affirmation. Estonian Song Festivals 8–9 (Tallinn, 2004).
284. Secrecy in Hittite: mun(n)ai- vs. sanna-. Incontri linguistici 27.101–104 (2004).
285. Hittite Etymological Dictionary, Vol. 6 (Berlin and New York. 2004). Pp. vi, 216.
286. Raskolli sümptom ja Dupuytreni sündroom. Vikerkaar 12.118–119 (2004).
287. Once more Greek φθείρω. Indogermanische Forschungen 109.232–234 (2004)
288. Review of Philippe Swennen, D’Indra à Tištrya. Journal of Indo-European Studies 32.409–411 (2004). Correction of editor’s errors 33.461 (2005).
289. Bunch of grapes, swarm of locusts. Journal of Cuneiform Studies 56.127–128 (2004).
290. Killing by chilling: Warrior lingo in Indo-European. Historische Sprachforschung 117.189–193 (2004).
291. Darkness in Hittite. Historische Sprachforschung 117.194–196 (2004).
292. Hetiidi kirjandus. Muinasaja kirjanduse antoloogia 7–18, 203–236, 333–341 (Tallinn, 2005).
293. Nelauktai palaimingas katalizatorius. Marija Gimbutienė … iš laiškų ir prisiminimų 237–238 (Vilnius, 2005).
294. Latin mere and Hittite marri. Glotta 81.184–186 (2006).
295. Indo-European *med- in Hittite. Studi linguistici in onore di Roberto Gusmani 1435–1436 (Alessandria, 2006).
296. Hardly a Hittite ‘hoe’. Tabularia Hethaeorum: Hethitologische Beiträge Silvin Košak zum 65. Geburtstag 583–586 (Wiesbaden, 2007).
297. Hittite nanna- as the durative of nai-. Festschrift in Honor of Belkıs and Ali Dinçol 629–631 (Istanbul, 2007).
298. Indo-European at UCLA: The early days. Indo-European Studies Bulletin 12/1.4–5 (2007).
299. Hittite Etymological Dictionary, Vol. 7 (Berlin and New York, 2007). Pp. vi, 158.
300. Võõraile võõrsil. Eesti- ja soomeainelisi esseid ja arvustusi (Tartu, 2007). Pp. 104.
301. “Flagrante delicto” in Hittite. Historische Sprachforschung 120.63–65 (2007).
302. Reed and arrow in Anatolia and beyond. Aramazd 2.85–87 (2007).
303. Schism’s symptom and Dupuytren’s syndrome. Russian Journal of Communication 1.96–97 (2008). English version of nr. 286.
304. Mythic medicine: a recapitulation. Indo-European Studies Bulletin 12/2.1–4 (2008).
305. Peegli mõistatus. Keel ja kirjandus 5.380–382 (2008).
306. Jumalad ja deemonid omavahel. Eesti Akadeemilise Orientaalseltsi Aastaraamat 2007.32–36 (2008).
307. Humane concepts in Hittite culture. Studia Orientalia Tartuensia. Series Nova 3.339–343 (2008).
308. Keeleloo lumm. Vikerkaar 1–2.105–109 (2009).
309. The (pre)history and proto-meaning of Hittite nink- and nini(n)k-. Incontri linguistici 32.75–78 (2009).
310. Latin gremium. Studia Indogermanica Lodziensia 6.78 (2005–2009).
311. Oldest ‘hand’ in Indo-European. Studia Indogermanica Lodziensia 6.79–81 (2005–2009).
312. Hittite pankur: Return to common sense. Aramazd 4/1.56–62 (2009).
313. Covert Indo-European verbal roots in Anatolian. Aramazd 4/2.77–84 (2009).
314. Present at the creation. Baltic Studies Newsletter 29/1.6 (Winter 2010).
315. Hetiidi “Gilgameš”. Gilgameši eepos 223–227 (Tallinn, 2010).
316. Fiery seed: Remarks on the tiers of Hittite royalty. Ex Anatolia Lux: Anatolian and Indo-European Studies in Honor of H. Craig Melchert 303–306 (Ann Arbor. 2010).
317. Uporedna mitologija. Prevela s engleskog Jelena Loma (Novi Sad, 2010). Pp. 400.
318. Five rare Hittite verbs. Investigationes Anatolicae: Gedenkschrift für Erich Neu 211–215 (Wiesbaden, 2010).
319. Notes on Anatolian sibling terms. Issledovanija po lingvistike i semiotike: Sbornik statej k jubileju Vjačeslav Vs. Ivanova 153–155 (Moskva, 2010).
320. More on Hitite kusduwai-. Studia Anatolica in memoriam Erich Neu scripta 149–150 (Hethitica XVI, Louvain-la-Neuve, 2010).
321. Hittite Etymological Dictionary, Vol. 8 (Berlin and New York, 2011). Pp. x, 221.
322. Ikka saunast mõteldes. Keel ja kirjandus 51.370–371 (2011).
323. Barm and balm, Hittite style. Journal of Cuneiform Studies 63.103–104 (2011).
324. Transivity shifting in Hittite and Indo-European. Historische Sprachforschung 124.26–32 (2011).
325. Elliptic genitives and hypostatic nouns in Hittite. Aramazd 6/2.68–72 (2011).
326. Homeric πέπλος and Hittite palahsas. Archaeology and Language: Indo-European Studies Presented to James P. Mallory 177–180 (Washington, 2012). Also in Acta Societatis Morgensternianae IV–V.9–11 (Tartu, 2012).
327. Hittite dammeli-: Jurare in verba Magistri? Journal of Cuneiform Studies 64.71–74 (2012).
328. Athletic racing in Hittite. Ultima Indoeuropaea 136–137.
329. A hapax crux in Hittite. Ultima Indoeuropaea 138–139.
330. Ultima Indoeuropaea (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft 143, 2012). Pp. 280.
331. Hittite Etymological Dictionary, Vol. 9 (Berlin and Boston, 2013). Pp. xxiii, 230.
332. “Semence ignée”: pahhursis et warwalan en hittite. La famille dans le Proche-Orient ancien: réalités, symbolismes et images: Proceedings of the 55e Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale, Paris 163–168 (Winona Lake, 2014).
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